1.Junit4 标注总结

2.测试方法总结

3.assertThat语句的基本使用

该语句是代替原来的断言语句，以一种可读性更强的形式呈现断言。

使用时，注意导入：（Eclipse某些版本不能自动导入）

import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;

import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;

常用语句如下：

• allOf语句表示所有在括号内的测试都必须通过，该断言才成立。
• any语句表示结果是某一个类及其子类的类型。
• anyOf语句表示只要在括号内的任意一个语句成立，该断言则通过。
• equalTo语句表示两者在数值上“相等”。
• is语句在大多数时候表示一种判断的动作，例如上述几个例子。但在传入一个"XXX.class"这样的参数时，也可以代替instanceOf；另外，还可以替代equalTo。
• not语句是“取反”。
• notNullValue语句是判断不是null，与nullValue语句相反。
• sameInstance语句表示"=="，即是否指向同一个对象实例。

  另外，其他常用语句如下：

  assertThat(testedString, equalToIgnoringCase(expectedString));
  /**equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString
  *在忽略头尾的任意个空格的情况下等于expectedString，
  *注意：字符串中的空格不能被忽略
  */
  assertThat(testedString, equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace(expectedString);
  /**containsString匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString包含子字符串subString**/
  assertThat(testedString, containsString(subString) );
  /**endsWith匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString以子字符串suffix结尾*/
  assertThat(testedString, endsWith(suffix));
  /**startsWith匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString以子字符串prefix开始*/
  assertThat(testedString, startsWith(prefix));
  /**closeTo匹配符断言被测的浮点型数testedDouble在20.0¡À0.5范围之内*/
  assertThat(testedDouble, closeTo( 20.0, 0.5 ));
  /**greaterThan匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber大于16.0*/
  assertThat(testedNumber, greaterThan(16.0));
  /** lessThan匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber小于16.0*/
  assertThat(testedNumber, lessThan (16.0));
  /** greaterThanOrEqualTo匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber大于等于16.0*/
  assertThat(testedNumber, greaterThanOrEqualTo (16.0));
  /** lessThanOrEqualTo匹配符断言被测的testedNumber小于等于16.0*/
  assertThat(testedNumber, lessThanOrEqualTo (16.0));
  /**hasEntry匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有一个键值为"key"对应元素值为"value"的Entry项*/
  assertThat(mapObject, hasEntry("key", "value" ) );
  /**hasItem匹配符表明被测的迭代对象iterableObject含有元素element项则测试通过*/
  assertThat(iterableObject, hasItem (element));
  /** hasKey匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有键值“key”*/
  assertThat(mapObject, hasKey ("key"));
  /** hasValue匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有元素值value*/
  assertThat(mapObject, hasValue(value));

  assertThat(testedString, equalToIgnoringCase(expectedString)); /**equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString *在忽略头尾的任意个空格的情况下等于expectedString， *注意：字符串中的空格不能被忽略 */ assertThat(testedString, equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace(expectedString); /**containsString匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString包含子字符串subString**/ assertThat(testedString, containsString(subString) ); /**endsWith匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString以子字符串suffix结尾*/ assertThat(testedString, endsWith(suffix)); /**startsWith匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString以子字符串prefix开始*/ assertThat(testedString, startsWith(prefix)); /**closeTo匹配符断言被测的浮点型数testedDouble在20.0¡À0.5范围之内*/ assertThat(testedDouble, closeTo( 20.0, 0.5 )); /**greaterThan匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber大于16.0*/ assertThat(testedNumber, greaterThan(16.0)); /** lessThan匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber小于16.0*/ assertThat(testedNumber, lessThan (16.0)); /** greaterThanOrEqualTo匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber大于等于16.0*/ assertThat(testedNumber, greaterThanOrEqualTo (16.0)); /** lessThanOrEqualTo匹配符断言被测的testedNumber小于等于16.0*/ assertThat(testedNumber, lessThanOrEqualTo (16.0)); /**hasEntry匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有一个键值为"key"对应元素值为"value"的Entry项*/ assertThat(mapObject, hasEntry("key", "value" ) ); /**hasItem匹配符表明被测的迭代对象iterableObject含有元素element项则测试通过*/ assertThat(iterableObject, hasItem (element)); /** hasKey匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有键值“key”*/ assertThat(mapObject, hasKey ("key")); /** hasValue匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有元素值value*/ assertThat(mapObject, hasValue(value));

  assertThat举例：

  import org.hamcrest.Description;
  import org.hamcrest.Matcher;
  import org.hamcrest.StringDescription;
  import org.junit.Test;
  
  import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;
  import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
  
  public class HamcrestExamples {
  
    @Test
    public void allOfExampleShowsAllMatchersMustAllBeTrue() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is(allOf(notNullValue(), instanceOf(String.class), equalTo("Hello"))));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void allOfExampleShowsFailingIfOneMatcherDoesNotMatch() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is(not(allOf(notNullValue(), instanceOf(Integer.class)))));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void anyExampleChecksThatClassIsOfSameType() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is(any(String.class)));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void anyExampleShowsStringIsAlsoAnObject() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is(any(Object.class)));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void anyOfExampleReturnsTrueIfOneMatches() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is(anyOf(nullValue(), instanceOf(String.class), equalTo("Goodbye"))));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void anyOfExampleFailingIfAllMatchersAreFalse() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is(not(anyOf(nullValue(), instanceOf(Integer.class), equalTo("Goodbye")))));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void anythingExampleAlwaysReturnsTrue() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is(anything()));
    }
  
    // Feels very esoteric and not for typical usage used to override the description
    @Test
    public void describedAsExample() throws Exception {
      Matcher< ?> matcher = describedAs("My Description", anything());
      Description description = new StringDescription().appendDescriptionOf(matcher);
      assertThat("My Description", is(description.toString()));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void equalToExampleAddingTwoPlusTwo() throws Exception {
      assertThat(2 + 2, is(equalTo(4)));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void instanceOfExampleForString() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is(instanceOf(String.class)));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void isExampleShortCutForIsInstanceOfClass() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is(String.class));
      assertThat("Hello", instanceOf(String.class));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void isExampleShortCutAsJustSyntacticSugarUsedThreeTimes() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is(is(is(notNullValue()))));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void isExampleShortCutForIsEqualTo() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is("Hello"));
      assertThat("Hello", equalTo("Hello"));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void notExampleJustInvertsExpression() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is(not(instanceOf(Integer.class))));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void notNullValueExampleForString() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is(notNullValue()));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void notNullValueExampleForAClass() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is(notNullValue(Object.class)));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void nullValueExampleWithANull() throws Exception {
      assertThat(null, is(nullValue()));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void nullValueExampleWithANullType() throws Exception {
      Integer nothing = null;
      assertThat(nothing, is(nullValue(Integer.class)));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void sameInstanceExample() throws Exception {
      Object object = new Object();
      Object sameObject = object;
      assertThat(object, is(sameInstance(sameObject)));
    }
  }

  import org.hamcrest.Description;import org.hamcrest.Matcher;import org.hamcrest.StringDescription;import org.junit.Test;import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;public class HamcrestExamples {  @Test  public void allOfExampleShowsAllMatchersMustAllBeTrue() throws Exception {    assertThat("Hello", is(allOf(notNullValue(), instanceOf(String.class), equalTo("Hello"))));  }  @Test  public void allOfExampleShowsFailingIfOneMatcherDoesNotMatch() throws Exception {    assertThat("Hello", is(not(allOf(notNullValue(), instanceOf(Integer.class)))));  }  @Test  public void anyExampleChecksThatClassIsOfSameType() throws Exception {    assertThat("Hello", is(any(String.class)));  }  @Test  public void anyExampleShowsStringIsAlsoAnObject() throws Exception {    assertThat("Hello", is(any(Object.class)));  }  @Test  public void anyOfExampleReturnsTrueIfOneMatches() throws Exception {    assertThat("Hello", is(anyOf(nullValue(), instanceOf(String.class), equalTo("Goodbye"))));  }  @Test  public void anyOfExampleFailingIfAllMatchersAreFalse() throws Exception {    assertThat("Hello", is(not(anyOf(nullValue(), instanceOf(Integer.class), equalTo("Goodbye")))));  }  @Test  public void anythingExampleAlwaysReturnsTrue() throws Exception {    assertThat("Hello", is(anything()));  }  // Feels very esoteric and not for typical usage used to override the description  @Test  public void describedAsExample() throws Exception {    Matcher< ?> matcher = describedAs("My Description", anything());    Description description = new StringDescription().appendDescriptionOf(matcher);    assertThat("My Description", is(description.toString()));  }  @Test  public void equalToExampleAddingTwoPlusTwo() throws Exception {    assertThat(2 + 2, is(equalTo(4)));  }  @Test  public void instanceOfExampleForString() throws Exception {    assertThat("Hello", is(instanceOf(String.class)));  }  @Test  public void isExampleShortCutForIsInstanceOfClass() throws Exception {    assertThat("Hello", is(String.class));    assertThat("Hello", instanceOf(String.class));  }  @Test  public void isExampleShortCutAsJustSyntacticSugarUsedThreeTimes() throws Exception {    assertThat("Hello", is(is(is(notNullValue()))));  }  @Test  public void isExampleShortCutForIsEqualTo() throws Exception {    assertThat("Hello", is("Hello"));    assertThat("Hello", equalTo("Hello"));  }  @Test  public void notExampleJustInvertsExpression() throws Exception {    assertThat("Hello", is(not(instanceOf(Integer.class))));  }  @Test  public void notNullValueExampleForString() throws Exception {    assertThat("Hello", is(notNullValue()));  }  @Test  public void notNullValueExampleForAClass() throws Exception {    assertThat("Hello", is(notNullValue(Object.class)));  }  @Test  public void nullValueExampleWithANull() throws Exception {    assertThat(null, is(nullValue()));  }  @Test  public void nullValueExampleWithANullType() throws Exception {    Integer nothing = null;    assertThat(nothing, is(nullValue(Integer.class)));  }  @Test  public void sameInstanceExample() throws Exception {    Object object = new Object();    Object sameObject = object;    assertThat(object, is(sameInstance(sameObject)));  }}

  4. Test Suite的使用     
             
              
         在@Suite.SuiteClasses()中加入需要进行测试的类，例如Dice4Test.class。public class AllTests 里面留空，为的是编译器通过编译。     
             
              
              
             
              
         另外，在Eclipse中统计测试代码行覆盖率和分支覆盖率时，请使用EclEmma插件。

  参考文献：

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